Deng Xiaoping

1. Describe the struggle for power following Mao, the emergence of Deng Xiaoping and the defeat of the gang of four.

• Death of Zhou Enlai (Jan. 1976) - symbolize opposition to policies of Maoist radicals
  
• Competition between Maoists and moderates
• Gang of Four blame violence of protests mourning Zhou on Deng, Deng purged and Gang of Four arrested
• Hua Guofeng become prime minister, unable to block Deng's political prowess
• Deng assume power not necessarily as prime minister, but puppet master
  

2. Describe some of the economic policies and Four Modernizations for China under Deng.

• 4 Modernizations: agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense
• Introduce elements of capitalism - international trade, increase foreign business investments
• Agriculture - break up commune system, introduce responsibility system (plots to farmers, turn over produce at fixed price, keep / sell surplus)
• Industry - material incentives, weaken central planning, use market-related pricing policies with production quotas - marginally successful

3. What were the political changes and limits under Deng and how did these culminate in the Tiananmen Square conflict in 1989?

• Bureaucratic reforms - attempt to eliminate corruption (educated officeholders, higher salaries) = FAILED
• Democracy Wall Movement - encourage freedom of speech (Nov. 1978 to March 1979), people put posters on Democracy wall, leaders of protest eventually arrested
• Revolts take place when regime relaxes grip
• Tiananmen Square - Chinese gather to mourn death of Hu Yaobang, turn into riot demanding freedom of speech / assemble / association, criticize nepotism and corruption of party
• June 3 - army attack demonstrators
  

Cold War - Potsdam Conference

1. Division of Germany into occupation zones - set the stage for East / West Berlin madness between capitalism and communism
2. War reparations on Germany for USSR, not as great as desired - lead to USSR aggression post WWII
3. Truman hint at "powerful new weapon" to Stalin - eventually unleash A-Bomb on Japan to end the war
   
4. US call for unconditional surrender of Japan, Russia fall through with promises of aiding US in Japan after Germany's surrender
   

Cold War - Korea

1. War in Korea served as aggression ground for US / USSR
2. Basis of ideological differences between US and USSR, N = communist, S = republic, both sides thought they could unify the peninsula under the correct political system
3. Stalin finally authorize N invasion of S, did not expect US and United Nations to come to aid S
   
4. Served as means for USSR to keep US occupied in Asia ( through delayed peace conferences) and not concentrating on USSR
5. No use of Atomic Bomb - demonstrate that US did not want to provoke USSR more than necessary