- Death of Zhou Enlai (Jan. 1976) - symbolize opposition to policies of Maoist radicals
- Competition between Maoists and moderates
- Gang of Four blame violence of protests mourning Zhou on Deng, Deng purged and Gang of Four arrested
- Hua Guofeng become prime minister, unable to block Deng's political prowess
- Deng assume power not necessarily as prime minister, but puppet master
2. Describe some of the economic policies and Four Modernizations for China under Deng.
- 4 Modernizations: agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense
- Introduce elements of capitalism - international trade, increase foreign business investments
- Agriculture - break up commune system, introduce responsibility system (plots to farmers, turn over produce at fixed price, keep / sell surplus)
- Industry - material incentives, weaken central planning, use market-related pricing policies with production quotas - marginally successful
3. What were the political changes and limits under Deng and how did these culminate in the Tiananmen Square conflict in 1989?
- Bureaucratic reforms - attempt to eliminate corruption (educated officeholders, higher salaries) = FAILED
- Democracy Wall Movement - encourage freedom of speech (Nov. 1978 to March 1979), people put posters on Democracy wall, leaders of protest eventually arrested
- Revolts take place when regime relaxes grip
- Tiananmen Square - Chinese gather to mourn death of Hu Yaobang, turn into riot demanding freedom of speech / assemble / association, criticize nepotism and corruption of party
- June 3 - army attack demonstrators
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